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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(4): 297-302, 26/11/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362065

ABSTRACT

Introduction The increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) is a neurological complication resulting from numerous pathologies that affect the brain and its compartments. Therefore, decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an alternative adopted to reduce ICP in emergencies, especially in cases refractory to clinical therapies, in favor of patient survival. However, DC is associated with several complications, including hydrocephalus (HC). The present study presents the results of an unusual intervention to this complication: the implantation of an external ventricular drain (EVD) in the intraoperative period of cranioplasty (CP). Methods Patients of both genders who presented with HC and externalization of the brain through the cranial vault after decompressive hemicraniectomy and underwent EVD implantation, to allow the CP procedure, in the same surgical procedure, were included. Results Five patients underwent DC due to a refractory increase in ICP, due to automobile accidents, firearm projectiles, falls from stairs, and ischemic strokes. All evolved with HC. There was no uniform time interval between DC and CP. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained according to the need for correction of cerebral herniation in each patient, before undergoing cranioplasty. All patients progressed well, without neurological deficits in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion There are still several uncertainties about the management of HC resulting from DC. In this context, other CP strategies simultaneous to the drainage of CSF, not necessarily related to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), should be considered and evaluated more deeply, in view of the verification of efficacy in procedures of this scope, such as the EVD addressed in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts , Drainage/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Observational Study , Hydrocephalus/etiology
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 947-955, Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124881

ABSTRACT

Trans-sutural distraction is a biological process that induces the formation of new bone and changes the position of bone by pulling on growing suture under the action of external forces. Currently, therapy to midfacial hypoplasia treated by trans-sutural distraction has been applied. In this study, Beagle dogs were selected as experimental animals, and a traction device designed by ourselves was applied to Beagle dogs to simulate the treatment process of trans-sutural distraction in human face, so as to provide a basis for the subsequent research on the related mechanism of trans-sutural distraction. The objective is that the animal model can provide the basis for the follow-up study of transsutural distraction. 45 month beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups 3 in experiment group and 3 in control group. Implant nails were implanted as the bone marker in the bilateral zygomatic temporal suture, zygomandibular maxillary suture and palatine transverse suture in experimental group. The traction of the maxilla was carried out by the external cranial traction frame with canine fossa as bearing point, 800g force each side, elastic traction for 15 days. The control group only implanted the implant nail as the bone marker on both sides of the bone suture. The distance between two implant nails was measured by vernier calipers and X-ray examination, compared with preoperative and postoperative changes. X-ray and cephalometric measurements were used to measure change in the cranial basal angle. HE staining was used to observe the width of the bone seams, the morphology and structure of the cells and the tissue of the new bone under the phase contrast microscope. Then descriptive statistical analysis and t-test between two independent samples are carried out for the measurement data. The experimental group had a good retention of the beagle traction frame. In the experimental group, the maxillaries of dogs were protrudent in the process of traction gradually and the occlusal relationship changed to type II malocclusion. When the traction is 15 days, the coverage distance is about 8~9 mm. Before and after the traction, the distance between landmark points indicated that the spacing between the transverse palatine suture was the largest (experimental group: 5.52±0.19 mm control group 1.31±0.06 mm P<0.05), and zygomaticotemporal suture was the second (experimental group: 3.12±0.15 mm, control group 0.73±0.04 mm, P<0.05), and zygomaticomaxillary suture was less (experimental group: 2.60±0.34 mm, control group 0.53±0.05 mm, P<0.05). The cranial basal angle was no change before and after operation (controlgroup: 32.3±1.3°, experimental group: 33.2±1.1° P>0.05. Histology showed that the collagenous fibers in the suture of the control group were denser and the osteoblasts were visible on the edge of the suture, showing osteogenic activity. The experimental group significantly widened suture (experimental group: 1209.388±42.714 µm, control group 248.276±22.864 µm, P<0.05), the number of fibroblasts increased significantly with loose collagen fiber. The direction of cell and fiber arrangement were parallel to the traction force. There were many small blood vessels and marrow cavities, and the bone trabecula around the bone suture was thin (experimental group: 23.684±3.774 mm, control group: 86.810±9.219 mm, P < 0.05), showing active osteogenic activity. The growing beagle dog can be used to establish a suture traction animal model for experimental study. In the experiment, Kirschner wire was used to penetrate the bottom plane of the piriform hole of the maxilla (about the position of the canine fossa at the back) and the traction direction was basically the same as the growth direction, and the maxilla was basically parallel and moved forward.


La distracción trans-sutural es un proceso biológico que induce la formación de hueso nuevo y cambia la posición del éste al tirar de la sutura en crecimiento bajo la acción de fuerzas externas. Actualmente, se ha aplicado la terapia para la hipoplasia de la cara media tratada por distracción trans-sutural. En este estudio, fueron seleccionados perros Beagle como animales experimentales, y un dispositivo de tracción fue instalado a los perros para simular el proceso de tratamiento de la distracción trans-sutural en el rostro humano. El objetivo fue proporcionar una base para la investigación posterior sobre mecanismos relacionados con la distracción trans-sutural. El modelo animal puede proporcionar la base para este tipo de estudio de seguimiento de la distracción trans-sutural. Perros Beagle de 45 meses de edad se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: 3 en el grupo experimental y 3 en el grupo control. Los clavos de implante se usaron como marcadores óseos en la sutura temporal cigomática bilateral, la sutura maxilar cigomandibular y en la sutura transversal palatina en el grupo experimental. La tracción del maxilar se realizó mediante el marco de tracción craneal externo con fosa canina como punto de apoyo, 800 g de fuerza a cada lado, tracción elástica durante 15 días. En el grupo control solo se implantó el clavo del implante como marcador óseo en ambos lados de la sutura. La distancia entre dos clavos de implante se midió mediante calibradores de vernier y examen de rayos X, en comparación con los cambios preoperatorios y postoperatorios. Se utilizaron mediciones cefalométricas y de rayos X para medir el cambio en el ángulo basal craneal. La tinción con HE se usó para observar el ancho de las suturas óseas, la morfología y la estructura de las células y el tejido del hueso nuevo bajo el microscopio de contraste de fase. Luego se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y una prueba t entre dos muestras independientes para los datos de medición. El grupo experimental tuvo una buena retención del cuadro de tracción del Beagle. En el grupo experimental, los maxilares de los perros sobresalieron gradualmente en el proceso de tracción y la relación oclusal cambió a maloclusión tipo II. Cuando la tracción era de 15 días, la distancia de cobertura fue de aproximadamente 8 ~ 9 mm. Antes y después de la tracción, la distancia entre los puntos de referencia indicaba que el espacio entre la sutura palatina transversal era más grande (grupo experimental: 5,52 ± 0,19 mm, grupo de control 1,31 ± 0,06 mm, P <0,05), y la sutura cigomáticotemporal fue la segunda. (Grupo experimental: 3,12 ± 0,15 mm, grupo control 0,73 ± 0,04 mm, P <0,05), y la sutura cigomaticomaxilar fue menor (grupo experimental, 2,60 ± 0,34 mm, grupo control 0,53 ± 0,05 mm, P <0,05). El ángulo basal craneal no cambió antes ni después de la operación (grupo control 32,3 ± 1,3, grupo experimental, 33,2 ± 1,1 ° , P> 0,05). La histología mostró que las fibras colágenas en la sutura del grupo control eran más densas y los osteoblastos se observaron en el margen de la sutura, mostrando actividad osteogénica. En el grupo experimental se amplió significativamente la sutura (1209,388 ± 42,714 µm, grupo control 248,276 ± 22,864 µm, P <0,05), el número de fibroblastos aumentó significativamente con fibras colágenas dispersas. La dirección de la disposición de la celda y las fibras era paralela a la fuerza de tracción. Se observó gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos pequeños, cavidades medulares, y trabéculas óseas alrededor de la sutura ósea (grupo experimental: 23,684 ± 3,774 mm, grupo control: 86,810 ± 9,219 mm, P <0,05), que mostró actividad osteogénica activa. El perro Beagle en crecimiento se puede utilizar para estudios experimentales y así establecer un modelo animal de tracción de sutura. En el proceso, se usó alambre de Kirschner para penetrar en el plano inferior del foramen piriforme del maxilar (aproximadamente en la posición de la fosa canina en la parte posterior) y la dirección de tracción fue básicamente la misma que en el crecimiento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods , Facial Bones/surgery , Sutures , Traction , Disease Models, Animal , Malocclusion/surgery
3.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(1): 32-42, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1499

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: As reconstruções dos ossos do crânio podem ser especialmente desafiadoras. Existem três indicações para se realizar uma cranioplastia: readquirir proteção contra traumas, recuperação do contorno craniano e tratamento da síndrome de trefinado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a experiência do autor com cranioplastias e discutir as estratégias cirúrgicas de reconstrução. MÉTODOS: Foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de 16 casos consecutivos de reconstrução craniana operados na saúde pública (INTO - RJ) e na prática privada em 2013 e 2014. RESULTADOS: De janeiro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, 16 pacientes foram operados. Treze eram homens. A idade foi de 10 a 72 anos. Doze pacientes tiveram sua reconstrução feita com enxerto de parietal, 2 com prótese customizada, 1 com redução e fixação da fratura, e 1 com reconstrução de partes moles. A maioria dos defeitos estavam localizados na região fronto-orbital. As próteses customizadas foram usadas em defeitos de 192 e 22,5 cm2. Tivemos complicações em 5 pacientes: lesão de seio sagital, irregularidade no contorno, seroma, não integração do enxerto, vazamento de líquor e extrusão da prótese. Todas as complicações foram resolvidas sem prejuízo à reconstrução. O seguimento variou de 10 a 22 meses. Todos mostraram-se satisfeitos com as reconstruções e houve melhora de funções neurológicas. CONCLUSÃO: A cranioplastia é uma cirurgia primariamente reparadora para recuperar a função protetora do crânio e tratar a síndrome do trefinado. O enxerto autólogo de parietal segue sendo a primeira escolha. A prótese está indicada quando há um grande defeito ou quando a captação do enxerto parietal não é possível.


INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction of the skull bones can prove challenging. There are three indications for carrying out cranioplasty: (1) recovery of protection against trauma, (2) recovery of the cranial contour, and (3) treatment of the syndrome of the trephined. The objective of this report is to present the experience of the author with cranioplasties, and discuss surgical reconstruction strategies. METHODS: This report presents a retrospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases of cranial reconstruction, which were operated in 2013 and 2014 in the public health service (INTO - RJ) and in the private practice. RESULTS: From January 2013 to January 2014, 16 patients underwent surgery. Thirteen were men. Their age ranged from 10 to 72 years. Twelve patients underwent reconstruction with a parietal graft, two with custom prosthesis, one with fracture reduction and fixation, and one with reconstruction of soft parts . Most of the defects were located in the fronto-orbital region. The customized prostheses were used in defects of 192 cm2 and 22.5 cm2. Complications occurred in five patients: lesion of the sagittal sinus, irregularity in the contour, seroma, failure in graft integration, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, and extrusion of the prosthesis. All the complications were resolved without impairment to the reconstruction. The follow-up time ranged from 10 to 22 months. All the patients were pleased with the reconstructions, and improvement of the neurological functions was reported. CONCLUSION: Cranioplasty is a primarily restorative surgical procedure that is used to restore the protective function of the skull and to treat the syndrome of the trephined. The autologous parietal graft is the surgeons' first choice. The prosthesis is indicated when there is a major defect or when the harvesting of a parietal graft is not possible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Postoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants , Skull , Retrospective Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Craniotomy , Evaluation Study , Autografts , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Prostheses and Implants/standards , Skull/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/complications , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Craniotomy/methods , Autografts/abnormalities , Autografts/surgery
4.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(2): 273-277, 2016. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1575

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência da microssomia craniofacial é de 1 em 5600 nascidos vivos. É a segunda anomalia craniofacial mais comum após as fissuras labiais e palatinas. A fissura número 7 está associada entre 17 a 62% dos casos de microssomia hemifacial e começa na comissura labial, podendo prolongar-se até a linha capilar pré-auricular. As deformidades da orelha externa vão desde excesso de pele pré-auricular até ausência completa da orelha. A comissuroplastia está indicada em pacientes com macrostomia ou fissura facial lateral verdadeira. O objetivo é demonstrar dois casos de macrostomia e fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. MÉTODOS: Em nosso estudo descrevemos dois casos de macrostomia tratados com retalhos de mucosa e plástica em Z. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos um ótimo reposicionamento das comissuras nos dois pacientes, com excelente resultado estético. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica utilizada é de fácil reprodutibilidade e corrige a macrostomia estética e funcionalmente.


INTRODUCTION: The incidence of craniofacial microsomia is 1 in 5600 live births. This is the second most common craniofacial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. Tessier cleft 7 is associated with 17% to 62% of cases of hemifacial microsomia. It begins on the labial commissure and may extend to the pre-auricular capillary line. Deformities of the external ear range from excessive pre-auricular skin to complete absence of the ear. Commissuroplasty is indicated in patients with macrostomia or true lateral facial cleft. The objective is to present two cases of macrostomia and perform a review of related literature. METHODS: In this study, we describe two cases of macrostomia treated with mucous flaps and zetaplasty. RESULTS: We obtained optimal repositioning of labial commissures in two patients, with excellent aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: The technique used is easily reproducible, and aesthetically and functionally corrects macrostomia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , History, 21st Century , Therapeutics , Dental Fissures , Cleft Lip , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Face , Free Tissue Flaps , Lip , Macrostomia , Mucous Membrane , Therapeutics/methods , Dental Fissures/surgery , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cleft Lip/therapy , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Face/abnormalities , Face/surgery , Free Tissue Flaps/surgery , Lip/abnormalities , Lip/surgery , Macrostomia/surgery , Macrostomia/pathology , Mucous Membrane/surgery
5.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(4): 626-632, sep.-dec. 2015. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414

ABSTRACT

A prototipagem é um processo de construção para obter protótipos físicos a partir de modelos 3D digitais. A introdução da prototipagem na medicina é recente. Caso1 - Paciente de 18 anos portador de defeito craniano de 192 cm2 secundário a uma craniotomia descompressiva. Foi feita uma cranioplastia com prótese customizada confeccionada a partir da prototipagem. Caso 2 - Paciente de 34 anos portador de sequela de fratura panfacial. Apresentava importante defeito do complexo zigomático-orbitário, com grande deslocamento do zigoma. O plano cirúrgico foi feito com o protótipo; e o protótipo foi levado à sala de cirurgia para auxiliar o ato operatório. Caso 3 - Paciente 29 anos portadora de um ameloblastoma de mandíbula da região subcondilar até parassínfise direita. Foi feita a prototipagem do esqueleto craniofacial e fíbula, e uma cirurgia de modelo 1 dia antes. Discussão: A prototipagem pode ter aplicação na cirurgia craniofacial de várias maneiras: confecção de próteses customizadas, planejamento cirúrgico e educação dos residentes e pacientes. No caso 1, a prótese customizada tem como vantagens a ausência de área doadora e o excelente resultado estético. No caso 2, a presença do protótipo na sala de cirurgia ajudou a identificar com mais rapidez o zigoma para resposicioná-lo. No caso 3, a cirurgia de modelo diminuiu a morbidade da área doadora; definiu a osteotomia da fíbula e as margens de ressecção; moldou a placa; escolheu os parafusos; encaixou a prótese de côndilo na ATM; alcançou a melhor oclusão possível; e diminuiu tempo cirúrgico, anestesia, e custo hospitalar.


prototypes from 3D digital models. The introduction of prototyping in medicine is a recent event. Case 1: An 18-year-old patient with a 192 cm2 cranial defect secondary to a decompressive craniectomy. A cranioplasty was performed using a customized prosthesis manufactured by prototyping. Case 2: A 34-year-old patient with a panfacial fracture sequelae. This patient had a relevant defect in the zygomatico-orbital complex, with great zygoma dislocation. Surgical planning was performed using the prototype, which was taken to the surgery room to support the surgery. Case 3: A 29-year-old patient with a mandibular ameloblastoma from the subcondylar region to the right parasymphysis. Prototyping of the craniofacial skeleton and fibula were carried out in addition to a model surgery that was performed on the previous day. Discussion: Prototyping can be applied to craniofacial surgery in many ways, such as customized prosthesis manufacturing, surgical planning, and education of residents and patients. In case 1, a customized prosthesis had the advantage of not requiring a donor area and resulted in excellent esthetic results. In case 2, the presence of the prototype during surgery helped identify the zygoma more quickly in order to reposition it. In case 3, the model surgery helped decrease morbidity of the donor area, define fibular osteotomy and the resection margins, mold the plate, select the screws, ensure the condylar prosthesis fit in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ ), achieve the best occlusion possible, and reduce the surgical time, anesthesia, and hospital-associated costs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Postoperative Complications , Prostheses and Implants , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Transplantation, Autologous , Wounds and Injuries , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Craniotomy , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Proof of Concept Study , Mandible , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Prostheses and Implants/standards , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Transplantation, Autologous/methods , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniotomy/adverse effects , Craniotomy/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Mandible/abnormalities , Mandible/surgery
6.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(4): 597-602, sep.-dec. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a deformidade craniofacial mais frequente e sua incidência é estimada em 1:600 nascidos vivos no Brasil. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a incidência de fístulas para os pacientes submetidos à palatoplastia com veloplastia intravelar estendida. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo retrospectivo com 25 pacientes que foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião no período de setembro de 2011 a setembro de 2012. A técnica de Von Langenbeck, juntamente com a veloplastia intravelar estendida, foi realizada em todos os pacientes. Foram excluídos do estudo os pacientes com fístulas palatinas, portadores de síndromes ou outras malformações. A idade média da realização da palatoplastia foi de 30,6 meses, variando de 12 meses a 159 meses. Foram selecionados 19 pacientes: onze (58%) do gênero masculino e oito (42%) do gênero feminino. A fissura palatal isolada foi a mais comum, encontrada em nove (47%) pacientes. A fissura transforame esquerda estava presente em sete (37%) pacientes e três (16%) pacientes eram portadores de fissura transforame bilateral. Resultados: Somente dois (11%) pacientes evoluíram com fístula palatina até o acompanhamento pós-operatório de 6 meses. Conclusão: A técnica de Von Langenbeck associada à veloplastia estendida mostrou-se com baixa incidência de fístulas palatinas (11%) quando comparada ao índice encontrado na literatura mundial (7% a 42%).


Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most common craniofacial deformity, with an estimated incidence of 1 case per 600 live births in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of fistula among patients undergoing palatoplasty with extended intravelar veloplasty. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study evaluated 25 patients operated between September 2011 and September 2012 by the same surgeon. The von Langenbeck technique combined with extended intravelar veloplasty was performed in all patients. The study excluded patients with palatal fistulas, syndromes, or other malformations. The age at palatoplasty varied between 12 and 159 months, and the average age was 30.6 months. Nineteen patients were selected, comprising 11 (58%) male patients and 8 (42%) female patients. Isolated cleft palate was the most common deformity, found in 9 (47%) patients. Unilateral (left) trans-foramen cleft was present in 7 (37%) patients, and bilateral trans-foramen cleft was seen in 3 (16%) patients. Results: Only 2 (11%) patients had palatal fistula in a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months. Conclusion: The von Langenbeck technique associated with extended veloplasty resulted in a low incidence of cleft palate fistulas (11%) compared with the rate found in previous studies (7%-42%).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , History, 21st Century , Palatal Muscles , Palate, Soft , Medical Records , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cleft Palate , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Evaluation Study , Facial Bones , Fistula , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Lip , Methylene Blue , Palatal Muscles/abnormalities , Palatal Muscles/surgery , Palate, Soft/abnormalities , Palate, Soft/surgery , Palate, Soft/pathology , Medical Records/standards , Cleft Palate/surgery , Cleft Palate/therapy , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Facial Bones/surgery , Fistula/surgery , Fistula/pathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/surgery , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology , Lip/surgery , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(3): 429-438, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O enxerto de gordura, atualmente, é usado amplamente na cirurgia plástica estética e reparadora como um preenchimento natural. Na cirurgia crânio-maxilofacial há uma diversidade de pacientes com deformidades congênitas e adquiridas que podem ser muito beneficiados com a lipoenxertia. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram submetidos à lipoenxertia para reconstrução e correção de defeitos da face no INTO em 2012 e 2013 utilizando uma técnica padronizada. Nossa avaliação foi clínica e subjetiva, levando em conta a opinião do paciente. Especificamente nos pacientes com enoftalmo tardio secundário à sequela de trauma, realizamos exoftalmometria com o exoftalmômetro de Hertel e tomografia no pré e no pós-operatório para avaliar objetivamente nossos resultados. RESULTADOS: Vinte e dois pacientes receberam tratamento. A maioria foi do gênero feminino (77%). O volume do gordura aplicado variou de 1 ml até 37 ml, com média de 15 ml por sessão. A quantidade de sessões variou de 1 a 4. A lipoenxertia foi usada como tratamento único em apenas 30% dos casos. Fizemos lipoenxertia retrobulbar variando de 6 a 10 ml o volume enxertado, sendo que em um paciente realizamos duas sessões. Houve um ganho de 3 a 7 mm de projeção do globo ocular. Na avaliação tomográfica constatamos também aumento da projeção ocular de 4 mm e 2,2 mm. O resultado clínico foi pobre. CONCLUSÃO: A lipoenxertia é um procedimento simples, barato e reprodutível que deve fazer parte do armamentário do cirurgião plástico e do cirurgião craniofacial. Pode ser uma alternativa nos difíceis casos de enoftalmo tardio.


INTRODUCTION: The fat graft is currently widely used in aesthetic plastic and reconstructive surgery as a natural filler. In cranio-maxillofacial surgery, fat grafting can be very beneficial for patients with various congenital and acquired deformities. METHODS: We included patients who had undergone fat grafting for reconstruction and correction of defects in the face during 2012 and 2013 by using a standard technique. Our assessment was both clinical and subjective, taking into account the patient's opinion. In patients with late enophthalmos secondary to trauma sequelae, we conducted exophthalmometry with an exophthalmometer (Hertel) and preoperative and postoperative CT to objectively evaluate our results. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were treated. Most were female (77%). The volume of fat grafted varied from 1 ml to 37 ml, with a mean of 15 ml per session. The number of sessions ranged from 1 to 4. Fat grafting was used as a single treatment in only 30% of cases. We performed retrobulbar fat grafting ranging from 6 to 10 ml in volume; in one patient, the grafting was carried out over two sessions. There was a gain of 3 to 7 mm in projection of the eyeball. In tomographic evaluation, an increased eye projection of between 2.2 mm and 4 mm was found. However, the clinical outcome was poor. CONCLUSION: Fat grafting is a simple, inexpensive and reproducible procedure that should be part of the plastic and craniofacial surgeons' inventory. It may be an alternative in difficult cases of late enophthalmos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , History, 21st Century , Skull , Surgery, Plastic , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Syringes , Enophthalmos , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Transplants , Evaluation Study , Face , Fats , Surgical Wound/surgery , Skull/surgery , Syringes/adverse effects , Enophthalmos/surgery , Enophthalmos/pathology , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology , Transplants/surgery , Face/surgery , Fats/therapeutic use , Surgical Wound , Surgical Wound/therapy
8.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(1): 12-17, jul. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831376

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los craneofaringiomas, son tumores frecuentes y aunque son histológicamente benignos, plantean importantes problemas terapéuticos por su naturaleza y morbilidad asociada a la cirugía, siendo una lesión desafiante para los neurocirujanos. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los resultados alcanzados con el abordaje endonasal endoscópico extendido trans-tubérculo trans-plano en una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de craneofaringioma en el período de 2009 al 2012 en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras”. Resultados: Se intervinieron 37 pacientes, (23 F/14 M). Se logró la resección total macroscópica en 34 pacientes. La complicación más frecuente fue la diabetes insípida presentada en 16 enfermos. Tuvimos 4 fallecidos: 3 de ellos por complicaciones médicas en el postoperatorio tardío. Conclusiones: El abordaje endonasal endoscópico extendido trans-tubérculo trans-plano permite acometer el tratamiento quirúrgico favoreciendo una resección amplia para este tipo de lesión. Con tecnología aun en desarrollo este abordaje representa una alternativa esperanzadora para los pacientes con craneofaringiomas.


Introduction: The craneopharyngiomas, are frequent tumors and although they are histological benign lesion, they outline therapeutic important problems for their nature and morbidity associated to the surgery, being a defiant lesion for neurosurgeons. Material and Methods: In this article, we present the results using Extended Endonasal Endoscopic Approach trans-tuberculum trans-planum in patient with craniopharyngioma in “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Hospital between 2009 and 2012. Results: 37 patients were operated, (23 F/ 14 M). We achieve gross total resection in 34 patients. The most frequent complication was insipid diabetes presented in 16 patients. We had 4 deaths, 3 of them were for postoperative medical complication. Conclusions: The extended endonasal endoscopic approach trans-tuberculum trans-planum allows performing the surgical treatment with a wide resection in this type lesion. With technology even in development this approaches represents an alternative for patients with craniopharyngioma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Craniopharyngioma/surgery , Craniopharyngioma/complications , Craniopharyngioma/mortality , Craniopharyngioma , Endoscopy/methods , Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(1): 66-70, jan.-mar. 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-81

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Dentre os tumores benignos do esqueleto craniofacial, a displasia fibrosa caracteriza-se pelo crescimento progressivo e acometimento de jovens, acarretando deformidade funcional e estética. Esse trabalho analisa aspectos clínicos e prognósticos de pacientes com essa patologia, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 19 pacientes com displasia fibrosa craniofacial, acompanhados de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2011, tratados com remodelamento ósseo e ressecção cirúrgica. Revisão da literatura sobre. RESULTADOS: A distribuição etária variou de 8 a 65 anos, com média de 21,75 anos. Dez pacientes (52,7%) eram do sexo feminino. A forma poliostótica predominou, com 15 casos (78,9%). Entre os ossos acometidos destacaram-se esfenóide, etmóide e frontal, nas formas poliostóticas; e maxila e zigoma, nas monostóticas. A principal queixa foi de assimetria da face. Um paciente evoluiu com diminuição de acuidade visual. O tratamento baseou-se na ressecção cirúrgica e reconstrução com enxerto, quando doença localizada, e no desgaste e remodelamento ósseo, em formas poliostóticas. Em apenas um caso (5,2%), com compressão de nervo óptico, foi necessário acesso intracraniano. Reabordagem cirúrgica, por crescimento tumoral, foi necessária em três pacientes. Como complicações, tivemos um caso de lagoftalmo e epicanto no pós-operatório de paciente tratado por cirurgia com acesso infraorbitário. Ausência de outras intercorrências no seguimento a curto e longo prazo. Os resultados de preservação de função e recuperação de contorno facial foram satisfatórios. CONCLUSÃO: Essa experiência, em concordância com a literatura, permite concluir que a cirurgia é eficaz na abordagem de casos selecionados de displasia fibrosa craniofacial.


INTRODUCTION: Fibrous dysplasia is benign tumor of the craniofacial skeleton that primarily affects young patients. It is characterized by the progressive growth of benign fibrous tumors with resulting functional and aesthetic deformities. This study assesses the clinical and prognostic features in patients with fibrous dysplasia who underwent surgical treatment at our institution. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 19 patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, treated between January 1997 and December 2011 with bone remodeling and surgical resection. We also review the literature regarding fibrous dysplasia. RESULTS: Patients ranged between 8-65 years old, with a mean age of 21.75 years. Ten patients (52.7%) were women. The polyostotic form was predominant and present in15 cases (78.9%). The sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones were most commonly involved in the polyostotic form and the mandibular and zygomatic bones were most commonly involved in the monostotic form. The main complaint was asymmetry of the face. One patient developed decreased visual acuity. Treatment was based on surgical resection and graft reconstruction in the localized form of the disease, and bone abrasion and remodeling in the polyostotic form. Intracranial access was necessary in only one case (5.2%) where the optic nerve was compressed. Repeat surgical treatment due to recurrent tumor growth was necessary in three patients. The only complication occurred in a patient who developed lagophthalmos and epicanthus postoperatively after undergoing surgery using infraorbital access. No other complications occurred during short- and long-term follow-up. Functional preservation and facial contour recovery outcomes were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Our experience, along with that of other investigators, demonstrates that surgery is effective in treating selected cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Postoperative Complications , Case Reports , Retrospective Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Evaluation Study , Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia/surgery , Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia/pathology , Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia/therapy
10.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(1): 57-65, jan.-mar. 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-76

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Síndrome de Parry-Romberg (SPR) é caracterizada pela atrofia hemifacial progressiva que, muitas vezes, resulta em graves distúrbios estéticos e funcionais. Embora existam escalas de gravidade, nenhuma delas é completamente ideal para auxiliar na abordagem terapêutica destes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi delinear as estratégias cirúrgicas para o tratamento da SPR baseado em um novo sistema de classificação de gravidade da doença. Método: Trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva dos pacientes com SPR operados em 2005-2011. As abordagens cirúrgicas foram individualizadas de acordo com a escala de gravidade clínica baseada na evolução da doença: tipos I (envolvimento da epiderme, derme e tecido subcutâneo); II (tipo I + envolvimento muscular); e III (tipo I + II + envolvimento ósseo). Quatro (28,57%) pacientes com SPR tipo I, 6 (42,85%) tipo II e 4 (28,57%) tipo III foram incluídos. Resultado: Um total de 47 procedimentos foi realizado. Gordura livre foi enxertada em todos os pacientes. Todos os pacientes do tipo II e 1 (25%) do tipo III foram submetidos a enxertos dermogordurosos. Enxertos ósseos com retalhos de fáscia têmporo-parietal foram aplicados no tratamento de todos os pacientes do tipo III. Um (25%) paciente do tipo III foi submetido à cirurgia ortognática. Houve melhora global na aparência facial em todos os pacientes, sem complicações relacionadas aos procedimentos. Conclusão: O sistema de classificação de gravidade proposto para a SPR pode facilitar a decisão terapêutica e resultados parcialmente satisfatórios podem ser alcançados com a combinação de técnicas cirúrgicas de acordo com a gravidade da doença.


Introduction: The Parry-Romberg Syndrome (PRS) is characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy that often leads to severe esthetic and functional difficulties. Although there are systems for grading disease severity, none have proven ideal in optimizing the therapeutic approach to these patients. This study aimed to establish the surgical strategies for the treatment of PRS based on a new system for severity grading of the disease. Methods: This retrospective study included PRS patients undergoing surgery between 2005 and 2011. The surgical strategies were adapted for each patient according to a clinical severity grading system based on disease progression: type I, affecting the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; type II, type I + muscle involvement; and type III, Types I+ II + bone involvement. The sample included four patients (28.57%) with PRS type I, six patients (42.85%) with PRS type II, and four patients (28.57%) with PRS type III. Results: Forty-seven procedures were performed. Free-fat grafts were used in all patients. Dermal fat grafts were used in all type II patients and one type III patient (25%). Bone grafts with temporoparietal fascia flaps were performed for the treatment of all type III patients. One type III patient (25%) underwent orthognathic surgery. All patients were improved in their overall facial appearance and there were no procedure-related complications. Conclusion: Our proposed system for grading PRS severity can facilitate the choice of therapeutic approaches and with a combination of surgical techniques based on the severity of the disease partially satisfactory outcomes can be attained.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Surgery, Plastic , Case Reports , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Transplants , Evaluation Study , Face , Facial Bones , Facial Hemiatrophy , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Medical Records/standards , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology , Transplants/surgery , Face/surgery , Facial Bones/surgery , Facial Hemiatrophy/surgery , Facial Hemiatrophy/etiology , Facial Hemiatrophy/pathology
11.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(4): 475-485, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-826

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O desenvolvimento das técnicas de distracção do esqueleto craniofacial representou um grande avanço na prática da cirurgia craniofacial. A distracção é uma técnica menos invasiva, mais rápida e com uma morbidade aparentemente menor comparada com as técnicas tradicionais de reconstrução craniofacial. No ano de 2013, o serviço de Cirurgia Crânio Maxilo Facial do INTO realizou uma série de casos de distracção mandibular. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar nossa experiência. Métodos: De janeiro a março de 2013, sete pacientes realizaram cirurgia de distracção mandibular. Todos os pacientes operados apresentavam hipoplasia mandibular uni ou bilateral em decorrência de anquilose de ATM ou microssomia craniofacial. Em alguns pacientes com anquilose de ATM foi realizada também a ressecção do bloco anquilótico no mesmo tempo da distracção. Resultados: No pós-operatório houve melhora de todas as funções estomatognáticas, ganho de peso, decanulação da paciente traqueostomizada e melhora na qualidade do sono. Houve melhora nos perfis faciais, as laterognatias foram amenizadas e a abertura oral aumentou na maioria dos pacientes. A abertura oral aumentou de maneira mais significativa naqueles pacientes onde a cirurgia de anquilose foi realizada em conjunto com a distracção. A complicação mais comum foi dor à ativação, relato de cinco pacientes (71%).Conclusão: A distracção osteogênica da mandíbula é uma boa alternativa para o tratamento das hipoplasias mandibulares, muitas vezes sendo a primeira indicação em algumas situações clínicas. Aparentemente tem morbidade menor do que as reconstruções clássicas de mandíbula e possui o bônus de alongar também os tecidos moles.


Introduction: The introduction of distraction of the craniofacial skeleton represented a great advancement in the practice of craniofacial surgery. Distraction is a less invasive technique that is faster and with an apparently lower morbidity than the traditional craniofacial reconstruction techniques. In 2013, the craniomaxillofacial surgery service of the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics performed a series of mandibular distraction surgeries. In this article, we aim to present our experience. Methods: From January to March 2013, seven patients underwent mandibular distraction surgery. All patients exhibited unilateral or bilateral mandibular hypoplasia due to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or craniofacial microsomia. In some patients with ankylosis of the TMJ, resection of the anlylotic block was also performed concomitantly with the distraction. Results: Postoperative improvement was noted in all the stomatognathic functions: weight gain, decannulation of a tracheostomized patient, and improved quality of sleep. There was an improvement in facial profiles: the laterognathism was eased and the mouth opening increased in most patients. The mouth opening increased more significantly in patients in whom ankylosis surgery was done in conjunction with the distraction. The most common complication was pain upon distraction, reported by five patients (71%). Conclusion: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a good alternative for the treatment of mandibular hypoplasia, often being the first indication in some clinical situations. It apparently has a lower morbidity than the classic mandible reconstructions and has the added benefit of also lengthening the soft tissues.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Case Reports , Retrospective Studies , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Osteogenesis, Distraction , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Face , Facial Bones , Mandible , Ankylosis , Maxillofacial Development , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Osteogenesis, Distraction/adverse effects , Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Face/surgery , Facial Bones/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Mandible/pathology , Ankylosis/surgery , Ankylosis/pathology
12.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(3): 444-450, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776137

ABSTRACT

To date, there is no consensus regarding the best surgical approach (conservative or radical) for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. This study presented the experience of a single institution in the surgical treatment of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Method: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia who underwent surgery between 1997 and 2012. Surgical treatment was individualized according to patient age, the involved anatomical site (zones l-IV), aesthetic and/or functional impairment,and the preferences of the patients and surgical team. The surgical results were classified on the basis of the Whitaker system. Results: Ten, 1, 1, and 1 patients with zone I, zone11, zone II, and zone I/IV involvement, respectively, were included in the study. In total,conservative surgeries and 9 radical surgeries were performed for the treatment of primary bone tumors. There was 1 surgical complication, and 6 recurrences were identified during the post operative follow-up period. The global average of surgical outcomes, according to the Whitaker scale, was 1.69 ± 0.94. ConclusÍons: According to the experience and surgical results presented in this study, the surgical approach for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia should be individualized.


Até o momento, não existe consenso sobre qual a melhor abordagem cirúrgica (conservadora ou radical) da displasia fibrosa craniofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a experiência de uma única instituição no tratamento cirúrgico da displasia fibrosa craniofacial. Método: Trata-se de uma análise retrospectiva dos pacientes com displasia fibrosa craniofacial, operados entre 1997 e 2012. O tratamento cirúrgico foi individualizado de acordo com idade, sítio anatômico envolvido (zonas I-IV), comprometimento estético e/ou funcional e preferências dos pacientes e da equipe cirúrgica. Os resultados cirúrgicos foram classificados com base no sistema de Whitaker. Resultados: Dez pacientes com acometimento da zona I, um da zona 11, um das zonas I e lU, e um das zonas I e IV foram incluídos. Nove cirurgias conservadoras e nove cirurgias radicais foram realizadas para o tratamento de tumores ósseos primários. Houve uma complicação cirúrgica. Seis recidivas foram identificadas durante o seguimento pós-operatório. A média global dos resultados cirúrgicos, de acordo com a escala de Whitaker, foi de 1,69 ± 0,94. Conclusões: De acordo com a experiência e resultados cirúrgicos apresentados neste estudo, a abordagem cirúrgica da displasia fibrosa craniofacial deve ser individualizada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Bone Neoplasms , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Retrospective Studies , Esthetics , Methods , Patient Satisfaction , Patients
13.
West Indian med. j ; 62(7): 654-657, Sept. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045721

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alloplastic materials are increasingly being used in augmentation of craniofacial defects because of its ready availability, good aesthetic outcome and absence of donor site morbidity. This paper highlights experience in the use of heat-cured acrylic in augmentation cranioplasty. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The management of three patients with anterior skull defect who presented at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital over a five-year period is presented. RESULTS: There was good aesthetic outcome in all the patients and no complications were recorded. CONCLUSION: Augmentation of craniofacial defects using customized prefabricated heat-cured acrylic provides patients with a durable, stable and structural repair ofcraniofacial defects with good aesthetic outcome.


ANTECEDENTES: Los materiales aloplásticos son usados cada vez más en la técnica de aumento para la reparación de defectos craneofaciales, debido a su disponibilidad inmediata, buen resultado estético y ausencia de morbosidad del sitio donante. Este trabajo destaca nuestra experiencia en el uso de acrílico curado por calor en las técnicas de aumento en la craneoplastia. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se describe el tratamiento de tres pacientes con defectos del cráneo anterior, que asistieron a la Clínica de Cirugía Maxilofacial y Dental del Hospital Docente Aminu Kano por un período de más de cinco años. RESULTADOS: Hubo un buen resultado estético en todos los pacientes y no se reportaron complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de aumentación para los defectos craneofaciales, utilizando acrílico prefabricado curado con calor, proporciona a los pacientes una reparación duradera, estable y estructural de los defectos craneofaciales con buen resultado estético.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bone Cements/therapeutic use , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Prostheses and Implants , Skull/surgery , Methylmethacrylate/therapeutic use , Frontal Bone/surgery
14.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(2): 205-211, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702604

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora os distúrbios neurossensoriais após genioplastias tenham sido avaliados em diferentes estudos, não existe uma padronização de como testar e classificar tais alterações. Por essa razão, a incidência de distúrbios neurossensoriais varia de 0 a 100%, dependendo da definição da lesão dos nervos, da sensibilidade do método diagnóstico e do período de seguimento. Portanto, o propósito deste estudo foi avaliar objetivamente o déficit neurossensorial permanente em pacientes submetidos a avanço horizontal do mento. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes submetidos a avanço horizontal do mento no Hospital SOBRAPAR, no período de 2009 a 2010. A avaliação neurossensorial objetiva do lábio inferior e do mento foi realizada com dois testes neurológicos (teste dos limiares de pressão de Semmes-Weinstein e teste de sensibilidade térmica). O déficit neurossensorial permanente foi definido como testes clínicos anormais com no mínimo 12 meses de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 13 pacientes, sendo 8 deles portadores de síndromes craniofaciais. Houve predomínio de pacientes com os testes de sensibilidade tátil à pressão e térmica (quente e frio) normal (P < 0,05). A análise dos pacientes sindrômicos revelou que a maioria teve o teste de sensibilidade tátil à pressão normal (P < 0,003), não existindo diferenças no teste de sensibilidade térmica (P = 0,317). Não foram identificadas diferenças entre as regiões anatômicas com testes de sensibilidade anormais (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes apresenta sensibilidade tátil (pressão e temperatura) do lábio inferior e mento preservada 12 meses após terem sido submetidos a avanço horizontal do mento.


BACKGROUND: Although neurosensory disturbances after genioplasty have been evaluated in different studies, standardization for testing and grading of neurosensory injuries is lacking. For this reason, the incidence of neurosensory disturbance varies from 0% to 100%, depending on the definition of nerve damage, the sensitivity of the diagnostic test method, and the follow-up period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform an objective evaluation of the permanent neurosensory disturbances in patients who underwent horizontal chin advancement. METHODS:A retrospective study of all patients who underwent horizontal chin advancement at the Hospital SOBRAPAR between 2009 and 2010 was conducted. The objective neurosensory assessment of the lower lip and chin was performed using 2 neurological tests, namely the Semmes-Weinstein pressure and thermal sensitivity tests. Permanent neurosensory disturbance was defined as abnormal clinical test results obtained at least 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (8 with craniofacial syndrome) were evaluated. The prevalence of the patients who showed normal results for sensitivity to pressure/touch and thermal sensitivity (warm and cold; P < 0.05) was significantly high. The analysis of the data of the patients with craniofacial syndrome revealed that most of the patients had normal pressure sensitivity test results (P < 0.003). Results from the thermal sensitivity tests showed no significant difference between these patients (P = 0.317). No significant differences were observed between the anatomical regions with abnormal sensitivity test results (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tactile sensitivities of the lower lip and chin to pressure and temperature were preserved in most of the patients 12 months after horizontal chin advancement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Genioplasty , Lip/surgery , Neuropsychological Tests , Mandibular Nerve/surgery , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Chin/surgery , Esthetics , Patients , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome
15.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(2): 301-306, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702621

ABSTRACT

Medicina baseada em evidências é um termo cunhado nos anos 1980, no Canadá, sendo definido como o uso consciente, explícito e crítico da melhor evidência disponível para tomar decisões médicas sobre o cuidado individual de pacientes. Este estudo procurou estimar a viabilidade de prática da medicina baseada em evidências no exercício da cirurgia craniofacial moderna, após 44 anos que Paul Tessier marcou seu início, apresentando sua experiência inicial na área. Com o objetivo de identificar a melhor evidência disponível, buscas foram feitas em 5 temas centrais da área: fissura labial e/ou palatina, cirurgia ortognática, craniossinostoses, fraturas faciais e microssomia hemifacial. Para realização das pesquisas, foi utilizada a principal base de dados da medicina baseada em evidências, a Cochrane Library. Não foram identificadas revisões Cochrane para os temas: cirurgia ortognática, craniossinostoses e microssomia hemifacial. Também não foram encontradas revisões narrativas em nenhuma das buscas. Não foram encontradas revisões não-Cochrane para fraturas faciais e craniossinostose. O número de revisões resultante para cada tema se mostrou baixo. Foi encontrado maior número de ensaios com evidência científica clínica nos temas fraturas faciais e fissura labial e/ou palatina. Usando a principal base de dados da medicina baseada em evidências, não foi possível encontrar um número substancial de artigos na maioria dos temas. Desse modo, é preciso que uma menor confiança seja posta em estudos com baixos níveis de evidência, juntamente com maior esforço para suprir a necessidade de bons trabalhos que conduzam cientificamente a prática clínica.


The term "evidence-based medicine," first used in the 1980s in Canada, is defined as "the conscious, explicit, and critical use of the best available evidence to make medical decisions regarding the care of individual patients." This study sought to estimate the viability of evidence-based medicine in modern craniofacial surgery practice 44 years after Paul Tessier first started it by showcasing his initial experience in that area. With the goal of identifying the best available evidence, the research focused on 5 central topics in this field: cleft lip and/or palate, orthognathic surgery, craniosynostoses, facial fractures, and hemifacial microsomia. This study used the Cochrane Library, the main database of evidence-based medicine. No Cochrane reviews were found for orthognathic surgery, craniosynostoses, or hemifacial microsomia. Similarly, no narrative reviews were found during the searched. No non-Cochrane reviews were found for facial fractures or craniosynostosis. The resulting number of reviews for each topic was low. A higher number of studies with clinical scientific evidence were found regarding facial fractures and cleft lip and/or palate. It was difficult to find a substantial number of articles on most of these topics when the Cochrane Library was used. As such, less confidence must be placed on studies with low levels of evidence and greater efforts are needed to service the need for good studies, which may guide clinical practice scientifically.


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Craniosynostoses , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Oral Surgical Procedures , Methods , Patients , Reoperation
16.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(1): 147-155, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687363

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento de modelos tridimensionais digitais da face foi uma das formas de contornar as limitações dos métodos tradicionais de avaliação de tecidos moles. Para tanto, o método com maior aplicabilidade clínica atualmente é a estereofotogrametria digital. Esta revisão sistemática objetiva abordar o uso dessa técnica em anormalidades craniofaciais, com foco em sua aplicação prática. Foram realizadas buscas sobre o tema nas bases de dados Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS e SciELO. A partir de critérios de inclusão preestabelecidos, 19 artigos foram selecionados. Extraíram-se dados sobre: sistemas utilizados, ano de publicação, doenças abordadas, pontos de referência usados para cada doença, vantagens e desvantagens da estereofotogrametria por sistema utilizado e qualidade dos artigos. O sistema 3dMD® foi o equipamento empregado em 11 artigos. O ano de publicação mais frequente foi 2010, com 6 trabalhos. Doze estudos abordaram fissuras labiopalatinas e 17 trabalhos utilizaram pontos de referência antropométricos. O caráter não-invasivo, a rápida aquisição de imagens e a acurácia foram as vantagens referidas em 70% dos artigos que aplicaram o sistema 3dMD®. A desvantagem desse mesmo equipamento apontada com maior frequência foi o alto custo. Doze artigos possuíam bom nível de evidência científica. A estereofotogrametria digital é uma tecnologia capaz de aperfeiçoar o modo de avaliação dos tratamentos e quantificação das deformidades craniofaciais. Entretanto, há necessidade de realização de mais estudos com acompanhamento a longo prazo e associação de maior variedade de sistemas.


Three-dimensional digital models of the face were developed to circumvent the limitations of the traditional assessment of soft tissue. Currently, a method reported to have a high clinical applicability is digital stereophotogrammetry. This systematic review aims to address the use of this technique in evaluating craniofacial abnormalities, with a focus on its practical application. The subject was searched in the Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and SciELO databases. From preestablished inclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected. The data extracted were as follows: systems used, year of publication, diseases addressed, reference points used for each disease, advantages and disadvantages of the stereophotogrammetry system used, and quality of articles. The 3dMD® system was used in 11 articles. The most common publication year was 2010, with 6 studies. Twelve studies addressed cleft lip and palate, and 17 studies used anthropometric landmarks. Noninvasiveness, fast image acquisition, and accuracy were the advantages mentioned in 70% of the articles that used the 3dMD® system. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage of such equipment was the high cost. Twelve items had good level of scientific evidence. Digital stereophotogrammetry is a technology aimed to improve the evaluation of treatments and quantification of craniofacial deformities. However, there is a need for more studies with long-term monitoring and on the association of a wider variety of systems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Photogrammetry , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Photograph , Systematic Review , Photogrammetry/methods , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
17.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(1): 29-35, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687344

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Considerando-se que as craniossinostoses são afecções basicamente suturais, o fato de o cérebro estar aprisionado em um compartimento fechado, que não possui a complacência necessária para acompanhar seu crescimento, se constitui no desafio principal de seu tratamento. O objetivo do tratamento é restabelecer a complacência da sutura estenótica e corrigir a deformidade craniana compensatória. Este trabalho propõe a associação de osteotomia helicoide à distração osteogênica proporcionada pelo uso das molas distratoras para remodelar defeitos craniofaciais causados por craniossinostoses. MÉTODO: Entre julho de 2010 e julho de 2012, foram tratados 10 pacientes portadores de craniossinostoses, sendo 5 oxicefalias, 3 escafocefalias, 1 turricefalia e 1 trigonocefalia. O tratamento consistiu na aplicação de molas de Lauritzen, para corrigir a deformidade primária da craniossinostose, com a associação de craniotomia helicoide em forma de Nautilus nos sítios de deformação secundária do crânio, sem descolamento dural. RESULTADOS: Foi observada resolução da deformidade craniana e remissão dos sinais clínicos de hipertensão intracraniana. Nenhum paciente apresentou complicações, como fístula liquórica, infecção local, seroma ou hematoma. CONCLUSÕES: A associação da osteotomia helicoide com a distração ou contração promovida pelas molas permitiu remodelar ativamente o crânio, facilitando a acomodação do conteúdo cerebral no continente craniano.


INTRODUCTION: Considering that craniosynostosis is a suture-related condition, the main challenge for its treatment is the fact that the brain is located in a closed compartment that does not have the required adaptability to accommodate its growth. The goal of treatment is to restore stenotic suture adaptability and correct the compensatory cranial deformity. This paper proposes the combined use of spiral osteotomy with distraction osteogenesis by the use of distracting springs to remodel craniofacial defects caused by craniosynostosis. METHODS: Between July 2010 and July 2012, 10 patients with craniosynostosis were treated: 5 with oxycephaly, 3 with scaphocephaly, 1 with turricephaly, and 1 with trigonocephaly. The treatment consisted of the application of Lauritzen springs to correct the primary craniosynostosis defect in combination with a nautilus-shaped spiral craniotomy at the secondary deformation sites without dural detachment. RESULTS: Resolution of cranial deformity and remission of the clinical signs of intracranial hypertension were observed. None of the patients had complications such as cerebrospinal fluid fistula, local infection, seroma, or hematoma. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of spiral osteotomy with spring-mediated distraction or contraction enables active reshaping of the skull and facilitates accommodation of the brain by the cranial cavity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , History, 21st Century , Osteotomy , Skull , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Intracranial Hypertension , Osteogenesis, Distraction , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Craniosynostoses , Craniotomy , Nautilus , Osteotomy/methods , Skull/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension/pathology , Osteogenesis, Distraction/adverse effects , Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Craniosynostoses/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Nautilus/anatomy & histology , Nautilus/growth & development
18.
IJRM-Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2013; 11 (3): 235-242
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-142791

ABSTRACT

Human dental stem cells have high proliferative potential for self-renewal that is important to the regenerative capacity of the tissue. The aim was to isolate human dental pulp stem cells [DPSC], periodontal ligament stem cells [PDLSC] and periapical follicle stem cells [PAFSC] for their potential role in tissue regeneration. In this experimental study, the postnatal stem cells were isolated from dental pulp, preapical follicle and periodontal ligament .The cells were stained for different stem cell markers by immunocytochemistry. To investigate the mesenchymal nature of cells, differentiation potential along osteoblastic and adipogenic lineages and gene expression profile were performed. For proliferation potential assay, Brdu staining and growth curve tests were performed. Finally, all three cell types were compared together regarding their proliferation, differentiation and displaying phenotype. The isolated cell populations have similar fibroblastic like morphology and expressed all examined cell surface molecule markers. These cells were capable of differentiating into osteocyte with different capability and adipocyte with the same rate. PAFSCs showed more significant proliferation rate than others. Reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR] for nanog, oct4, Alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenease [GADPH] as control gene showed strong positive expression of these genes in all three isolated cell types. PDLSCs, DPSCs and PAFSCs exist in various tissues of the teeth and can use as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for developing bioengineered organs and also in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction with varying efficiency in differentiation and proliferation


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioengineering/methods , Dental Pulp/cytology , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Periodontal Ligament , Cell Culture Techniques
19.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 27(3): 482-486, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668155

ABSTRACT

A síndrome do pterígio poplíteo é uma condição congênita rara, que envolve anomalias craniofaciais, geniturinárias e de extremidades. As características mais marcantes dessa síndrome são o pterígio poplíteo e uma dobra de pele triangular sobre a unha do hálux. Neste trabalho, é apresentado o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com um mês de idade, apresentando fendas labiais superiores e inferiores, fenda palatal, bolsa escrotal bífida, sindactilia de pododáctilos, pterígio poplíteo e dobra de pele sobre a unha do hálux. O paciente foi submetido a diversas intervenções cirúrgicas, visando à correção das anomalias. Dentre as malformações, a mais difícil de ser corrigida é a relacionada aos membros inferiores, sendo necessária abordagem conjunta com a equipe de ortopedia, na tentativa de evitar enxertos nervosos e déficits funcionais. A síndrome do pterígio poplíteo, quando tratada no momento apropriado e por equipe multidisciplinar, apresenta bom prognóstico.


Popliteal pterygium syndrome is a rare congenital condition involving craniofacial and genitourinary anomalies as well as malformation of the extremities. The most obvious characteristics of this syndrome are popliteal pterygium and a triangular crease of skin over the hallux. In this study, we present the case of a 1-month-old male patient with cleft upper and lower lips, cleft palate, bifid scrotum, syndactyly, popliteal pterygium, and a crease of skin over the hallux nail. The patient underwent several surgical interventions aimed at correcting these anomalies. Malformation of the lower limbs was the most difficult anomaly to correct; correction of this anomaly required further combined effort with an orthopedics team in order to avoid nerve grafts and functional deficits. When popliteal pterygium syndrome is treated in a timely and appropriate manner by a multidisciplinary team, a good prognosis is observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Oral , Pterygium , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Oral Surgical Procedures , Lip , Pterygium/surgery , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cleft Lip/pathology , Cleft Palate/surgery , Review , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Oral Surgical Procedures/methods , Lip/anatomy & histology , Lip/abnormalities , Lip/surgery
20.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(2): 111-117, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-622851

ABSTRACT

A hipertrofia obstrutiva das tonsilas palatinas e faríngeas está associada à respiração oral e pode levar a desequilíbrios faciais. A adenotonsilectomia parece ser insuficiente para o tratamento quando ocorreram alterações anatômicas. Técnicas ortopédicas faciais auxiliam no restabelecimento morfofuncional. Estudo clínico longitudinal prospectivo objetivou observar alterações craniofaciais após adenotonsilectomia e verificar a importância de associar ortopedia ao tratamento. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Cinquenta e três crianças de ambos os gêneros, entre 6 e 12 anos, divididas em: Grupo 1, 20 crianças com respiração nasal; Grupo 2, 33 crianças com hipertrofia obstrutiva das tonsilas faríngeas e/ou palatinas, submetidas à adenotonsilectomia. Após a cirurgia, este grupo foi subdividido: Grupo 2A, 16 pacientes não tratados com expansão rápida da maxila; Grupo 2B, 17 pacientes tratados com disjunção maxilar. Foram realizadas medidas cefalométricas em norma frontal e lateral anteriores à cirurgia e após 14 meses. Foram utilizados os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A adenotonsilectomia equilibrou o crescimento transversal, sagital e vertical em ambos os grupos, sendo mais efetiva no grupo submetido ao tratamento combinado. CONCLUSÕES: A adenotonsilectomia favoreceu o crescimento facial das crianças com hipertrofia obstrutiva, sendo mais evidente quando associada à expansão maxilar.


Obstructive hypertrophy of the tonsils and/or adenoids is associated with mouth breathing and can lead to facial imbalances. Adenotonsillectomy is not enough to treat the anatomic changes. Facial orthopedic techniques aid in morphological and functional recovery. This prospective longitudinal clinical study aimed to observe craniofacial changes after adenotonsillectomy and to verify the importance of linking rapid maxillary expansion to treatment. METHOD: Fifty-three children of both genders, aged 6 to 12 years, were allocated to: Group 1, 20 children with nasal breathing; and group 2, 33 children with obstructive hypertrophy of pharyngeal and/or palate undergoing adenotonsillectomy. After surgery, this group was subdivided into Group 2A, 16 patients not treated with rapid maxillary expansion; and Group 2B, 17 patients treated with maxillary rapid expansion. Frontal and lateral cephalometric measurements were made prior to surgery and after 14 months. Statistical analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests - significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Adenotonsillectomy balanced transversal, sagittal and vertical growth in both groups, and was more effective in the group undergoing combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Adenotonsillectomy improved the facial growth of children with obstructive hypertrophy, which was more evident when associated with rapid maxillary expansion.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Malocclusion/surgery , Mouth Breathing/surgery , Palatal Expansion Technique , Adenoidectomy , Case-Control Studies , Cephalometry , Craniofacial Abnormalities/etiology , Hypertrophy/complications , Longitudinal Studies , Malocclusion/complications , Mouth Breathing/etiology , Prospective Studies , Palatine Tonsil/pathology , Tonsillectomy
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